Hebron, known as Al-Khalil in Arabic is a Palestinian city in the southern part of the West Bank, located 30 kilometers south of Jerusalem. [Map location]
Nestled in the Judaean Mountains at an elevation of 930 meters above sea level, it is the second-largest city in the West Bank and the third-largest in the Palestinian territories, with a 2017 population of 201,063 Palestinians.
The city also hosts around seven hundred Jewish settlers on the outskirts of its Old City. Hebron is renowned for the Cave of the Patriarchs, recognized by Jewish, Christian, and Islamic traditions as the burial site of key patriarchal/matriarchal figures.
It is often considered one of the four holy cities in both Judaism and Islam.
History:
Hebron has a rich and complex history dating back thousands of years. It is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. It holds religious significance for both Jews and Muslims, as it is associated with the burial site of the biblical patriarch Abraham. Hebron is also where David was anointed king of Israel.
Over the centuries, it saw various rulers, including Edomites, Muslims, and Crusaders. After the Ottoman Empire's rule, it became part of British Mandatory Palestine.
In 1929, a massacre and the Arab uprising of 1936-39 led to the departure of the Jewish community. The 1948 Arab-Israeli War resulted in Jordan's control of Hebron, but since the 1967 Six-Day War, it has been under Israeli military occupation.
Jewish presence was reestablished in the city following Israeli occupation. The city's history reflects the complexities of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.
Demography:
Hebron has a diverse population, primarily consisting of Palestinians, both Muslims and Christians.
There is also a small Jewish community living in the city. The demographics have been influenced by the city's history, religious significance, and political situation.
Economy:
The economy of Hebron is diverse, with various sectors contributing to its livelihood. Traditionally, it has been known for its handicrafts, particularly the production of glass and ceramics. Agriculture, including olive and grape farming, is also significant.
The city has experienced economic challenges due to political conflict and restrictions on movement, which have affected trade and commerce.
Geography:
Hebron is situated in a hilly region in the southern West Bank. It is approximately 30 kilometers (19 miles) south of Jerusalem.
The city is known for its distinctive old town, which features narrow, winding streets and historic buildings.
Climate:
Hebron experiences a Mediterranean climate with hot, dry summers and cool, wet winters. Summers can be very hot, with temperatures often exceeding 30°C (86°F), while winters are cooler and wetter.
Snowfall is not uncommon in the winter months. The climate is influenced by its inland location and elevation, as Hebron is situated at a higher altitude compared to coastal areas.
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