A catalytic converter is an emissions control device in the automotive world, responsible for transforming harmful exhaust emissions into less toxic compounds through a chemical reaction.
Applications:
These devices are commonly used in vehicles with gasoline or diesel internal combustion engines, including lean-burn engines. They can also be found in unexpected places, such as kerosene heaters and stoves.
Historical Significance:
Catalytic converters were first introduced on a large scale in the United States in response to strict regulations by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Most gasoline-powered vehicles, starting in 1975, were equipped with these devices. Initially, they were "two-way" converters, which combined oxygen with carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons to produce carbon dioxide and water.
In 1981, "three-way" converters became the standard. "Two-way" converters are still used in certain applications, like lean-burn engines and diesel engines with lean combustion.
Versatile Usage:
In addition to their automotive role, catalytic converters are also employed in a wide range of equipment, from generators and forklifts to mining machinery, trucks, buses, locomotives, motorcycles, and ships. Surprisingly, they can even be found in some wood stoves, all in response to various governmental regulations related to environmental and safety standards.
